Mechanical Writings

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First, the shape and position tolerances of the components in the processing of basic concepts, not only the size will produce errors, the geometric shape of its constituent elements and the elements and the relative position between the elements will produce error. Figure 14-32 shows, the level of the axis of the processed though the actual size tolerance range in size, but may appear drum, tapered, curved and other shapes are not round cross section, so that elements of the actual and the ideal elements there is a change between the amount of the shape error; axis machining axis of the cylinder after the paragraphs may not be the same axis (Figure 14-33). Elements of the practical elements of this ideal location is also in the amount of a change in that position error.
Design of the machine, it should be on the part of the shape, position error to reasonable restrictions, the implementation of the national standard shape and position tolerance (referred to as the geometric tolerance.)
(1) the actual elements of a single form tolerances allowed by the change in the shape of the whole volume
(2) The location tolerance associated with the location of the practical elements of the base elements of the changes allowed the whole volume.
All content is measured in terms of the entire length of the elements.
Figure 14-32 Error geometry
Figure 14-33 Position Error
Second, the shape and position tolerance characteristics of the form of bullets and Frame 1. Bullet tolerance characteristics (see Table 14-6).
Table 14-6 Characteristics of the shape and position tolerances of bullets (from GB/T1182-1996)
2. Geometric tolerance symbol
Geometric tolerance symbol mark should be used (Figure 14-34). When not using code annotations, allow technical requirements used in the text.
Geometric tolerance symbol is the purpose of geometric tolerance symbols, geometric tolerance frames, guide lines, tolerance values and reference code of letters and other components (Figure 14-34.a). Frame tolerances and guidelines lines are drawn with thin solid line to guide arrows and arrow drawing the same size line, the arrow should point to the tolerance zone width or diameter direction. Frame should be drawn horizontally or vertically, the first grid project complete geometric tolerance symbols; second field fill in values and related geometrical tolerance symbols; the third grid cell and subsequent letters and fill in the relevant reference code symbols.
Reference symbols indicated by bold dash (Figure 14-34.b). Reference code from the base symbol, circle, connection and letters, circles and connections are with the thin solid line, filled circle is the base capital Latin letters, regardless of reference code in the pattern in the direction of how the letters inside the circle should be the level of writing.
Figure 14-34 identification code for form tolerances
a) tolerance code in the form of shape b) symbol and reference code base
Third, the measured elements and reference elements of the mark 1. Mark the measured elements
Line with the guidance of the arrow with the frame and grid connected with the measured elements. When the measured elements of contour or surface, the arrow points to the outline of the elements of the extension line or contour line (subject line clearly separated and size), as shown in Figure 14-35.
When the measured elements of the axis, the center plane, then line with the guidance of the arrow should extend the line with the size of line overlap as shown in Figure 14-36.
Figure 14-35 mark the measured elements (a)
Figure 14-36 mark the measured elements (b)
2. Reference mark elements
Elements relative to the benchmark test, with reference letters. Capital letters with a small circle with a thin solid line with short horizontal lines connected with the composition of reference symbols shown in Figure 14-37. Small round base within the capital letters are letters, regardless of reference symbols in the drawings the direction of how the letters should be within the level of small round writing. That reference should also note the letter box in the tolerance box is shown in Figure 14-38.
Figure 14-37 Reference symbols
Figure 14-38 base elements marked (a)
When the base element is the axis, the center plane or by the size of the elements identified with a point, the reference symbol of the thin solid line and the line of the same size as shown in Figure 14-39.a. If the size of lines arranged no less than two arrows, then the other arrows can be used instead of dashes, as shown in Figure 14-39.b. Optional base (reference each other) is marked in Figure 14-40 below.
Figure 14-39 base elements of the mark (b)
Figure 14-40 base elements of the mark (c)
Fourth, geometric tolerancing examples given below illustration to further clarify the meaning of common geometric tolerance and its labeling method, marked with the legend, only the size of geometric tolerance.
Figure 14-41 for the bearing seat of the relevant form and position tolerances.
(A) circular tolerance zone is in the same section, the radius difference of 0.004 for the tolerance values between the two concentric areas.
(B) vertical tolerance is the tolerance value of 0.015 and the distance perpendicular to the baseline, the area between two parallel planes.
(C) straightness tolerance zone is defined as a given plane, the tolerance value of 0.002 is the distance tolerance between the two parallel lines the area, and when there is error of the measured elements, the only material at the middle to bulge.
(D) parallel to the degree of tolerance is the tolerance value of 0.005 from the reference plane and parallel to the area between two parallel planes.
Rolling in Figure 14-41 seat
Home basic knowledge of mechanical drawing mechanical drawing reference symbols, the roughness and geometric tolerancing rules this navigation 1, 2 drawing format and title bar, scale, font, and Chart 3, 4, dimension style, benchmark symbols and geometrical roughness tolerancing of regulatory 2010-05-28 13:04:51: 7252841 Source: Views: 0 User Reviews 0 [page] drawing format and title bar [/ page]
4.1 Surface roughness symbols and methods of
1. Surface roughness symbols
Surface roughness symbols and drawing as shown in Figure 2-12
Figure 2-12 painting surface roughness symbols
The size of the surface roughness symbol table 2-9, the surface roughness parameters of the note write position shown in Figure 2-13

Figure 2-13 Note the surface roughness parameters of the write position
ab

Figure 2-14 Geometric Tolerance symbols of painting
2. Reference Code
Corresponds to the geometric tolerance annotation sash, should also be marked on drawings in the benchmark code. Reference code form as shown in Figure 2-14 (b) below. Reference symbols should be close to the contour lines or extension cords. Reference letters should be the level of writing.
3. Labeling requirements
(1) When elements or reference elements of the measured contour or surface, should sign and size of the arrow or arrows benchmark was staggered.
(2) When the measured elements or reference elements of the axis, the center plane and other central elements, should sign and size of the arrow or arrows baseline alignment.
(3) When there are multiple elements of the same tolerance test items, can share a guide line; When measured the same tolerance projects have multiple elements, you can draw on the same box more than tolerance guide lines.
(4) When the base element or elements of the actual measured surface, the base symbol, the arrow can be placed in the reference bit line, shown in Figure 2-15.

Figure 2-15 the measured elements, base elements of the actual surface of the label
2. Tagging of surface roughness
The following rules mark the surface roughness.
(1) in the same pattern on each surface is marked only once.
(2) Surface roughness symbols should be marked in the visible contour, dimension lines, dimension lines or extension lines. If the location is not enough, it can lead to marked.
(3) sign the note with the tip of the surface must be (or guidelines for line) in contact, and must be from the materials, the injection point to the surface. Tagging of surface roughness in Table 2-10.
2.4.2 the provisions of geometric tolerancing
1. Geometric tolerance of the code
Geometric tolerance symbol should be marked on drawings, when not marked with the code, allow the technical requirements used in the text. Frame code form as shown in Figure 2-14 (a) below. Frame height 2h, with a thin solid line drawn in the pattern of the location should be horizontal or vertical placement. Guidelines arrows should point to the measured elements and perpendicular to the contour lines or extension cords. Keywords: drawing paper drawing standard navigation a whole, drawings, and the title bar 2 format, scale, font, and Chart 3, 4, dimension styles, reference symbols, the roughness and geometric tolerancing rules Previous 1234 Next Related articles page What are the economic characteristics of CNC system? in the machine's location and .
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