Mechanical Writings

> 5.1 The type of cell wall chemistry
5.2 The type of sugar, whole cell hydrolyzate
5.3 Analysis of lipid phosphate
5.4 quinone component analysis
5.5 Analysis of bacterial acid
5.6 Analysis of Fatty Acids
5.7 SDS-PAGE whole cell protein analysis
5.8 ribosomal protein two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-IPAGE) analysis
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Chapter VI of principles and methods of molecular systematics
6.1 DNA extraction, separation and purification
6.2 Polymerase chain reaction
6.3 Gel Electrophoresis
6.4 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis
6.5 DNA (G C) mol% determination
6.6 DNA homology
6.7 RNA homology
6.8 DNA fingerprinting analysis of molecular
6.9 DNA probe and its application
6.10 The specific primers used in rapid identification of strains
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Chapter VII of Bioinformatics in actinomycete systematics of
7.1 sequences to the database
7.2 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree construction
7.3 RNA secondary structure in the taxonomy of
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Chapter VIII of the polyphasic taxonomy
8.1 kinds of concepts
8.2 The concept of the genus
8.3 What are the identification of strains should be classified
8.4 Identification of actinomycetes basic procedures
8.5 effective publications published
8.6 How to write thesis
8.7 Contributors
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On the second of the
Chapter actinomycetes position in prokaryotes
1.1 Outline of the establishment of actinomycetes
Actinomycetes door 1.2 Progress
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Chapter actinomycetes suborder
2.1 Branch and actinomycetes mainly
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Chapter Propionibacterium suborder
3.1 Branch and mainly Propionibacterium
3.2 Branch and Nocardia class mainly
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Chapter Micrococcus suborder
Section 4.1 and the genus Micrococcus
Section 4.2 and the bacteria is Lake Bogoria
Section 4.3 and the genus Brevibacterium
Section 4.4 and the fiber is sp
Section 4.5 and the genus Bacillus Paper
Section 4.6 and the skin is raw bacteria
4.7 Shipijunke and the genus
Section 4.8 and the bacteria are cysts
Section 4.9 and the case of Jones coli
Section 4.10 and the genus Microbacterium
4.11 of the original families and the small genus sp
Section 4.12 and the rare genus Bacillus
Blood and the genus Bacillus Section 4.13
Section 4.14 and the case of Yan coli
4.15 Ebdon Division and the Fort is a bacteria
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Chapter Corynebacterium suborder
Section 5.1 and the genus Corynebacterium
Section 5.2 and the case of Dietz coli
Section 5.3 and the case of Gordon coli
Section 5.4 and the genus Mycobacterium
Section 5.5 and the genus Nocardia
Section 5.6 and the slow reaction is a fatty acid bacteria
Section 5.7 and the mound is a village coli
Section 5.8 and the case of Williams coli
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Chapter false Nocardia suborder
6.1 Branch and Nocardia leave mainly
6.2 Beam Branch and actinomycetes filaments mainly
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Chapter VII of the suborder Streptomyces
7.1 Branch and mainly Streptomyces
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Chapter VIII chain of cyst bacteria suborder
8.1 Branch and Nocardia intended mainly
8.2 Branch and the main chain is a cyst bacteria
8.3 Branch and hot sp mainly
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Chapter IX suborder of small sp
9.1 Micromonospora strain families, primarily
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Chapter Frankia suborder
Suborder 10.1 Frankia phylogenetic branches
10.2 Frankia families, primarily
10.3 addicted families, primarily land bacteria
Section 10.4 of the village and mainly coli
Section 10.5 of fish, primarily cinerea
10.6 Branch and the hot acid bacteria mainly
10.7 "move cinerea Branch" and mainly
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Chapter XI sugar mold suborder
11.1 Branch and mainly sugar mold
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Chapter XII Uncategorized genera
12.1 pairs of spore Actinomyces
12.2 Coral Actinomyces
12.3 Zhuo spp
12.4 Pelzer's sp
12.5 genus Zurich
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Chapter XIII actinomycetes Branch High Temperature
13.1 High temperature Actinomyces
Rice's is 13.2
Yellow high-temperature micro spp 13.3
13.4 Qing Ye s sp
13.5 straight wire genus
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Appendix: List of families and genera of actinomycetes
Actinomycetes actinomycete very close relationship with humans, people to see the doctor, the doctor based on the patient's cause, often prescribe streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin and other antibiotics. These are the actinomycete antibiotics manufactured for us. Far from the thousands of microorganisms found in antibiotics, of which 2 / 3 is produced by the actinomycetes, and some actinomycetes also used to produce vitamins and enzymes, sewage treatment and so on. So, while there are several actinomycetes cause human, animal, plant diseases, such as caused by human skin and lung disease, but most actinomycetes Quedui control human, animal and plant diseases set a great achievement. Actinomycetes bacteria is actually a member of the family, are a class of filamentous branching Gram-positive cells of bacteria, named for the colony radial, actinomycetes most like to live in organic-rich slightly alkaline soil, the soil of the unique "smell of mud" is produced by the actinomycetes. By drying, heating and chemical treatments such as selective separation method can be selected from the soil we need good bacteria actinomycetes. A prokaryotic groups. Most have well-developed branching hyphae. Hyphae slender, nearly the width of rod-shaped bacteria, approximately 0.5 to 1 micron. Can be divided into: vegetative hyphae, also known as substrate mycelium, the main function is to absorb nutrients, and some can produce different colors, is an important basis for strain identification; aerial hyphae, was born in vegetative hyphae on the stack, also known as secondary hyphae. In the aerial mycelium produces spores on the differentiation of the spores silk, silk spore shape and arrangement vary by species. Mature spores have clusters of spores on the wire. Spore surface structure, shape and color stable under certain conditions, an important basis for the identification of species. The fracture mode of asexual spore and cell reproduction. The vast majority of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria. Some species may be at a high temperature decomposition of cellulose and other complex organic matter. Is widely distributed in nature, most of saprophytic, parasitic minority. Produce a wide variety of antibiotics, it is estimated that 4,000 kinds of antibiotics have been found, 2 / 3 is produced by actinomycetes. And human relations are very close. There are important: Streptomyces, Micromonospora and Nocardia genus and so on. Streptomyces (Streptomyces) is the highest such as actinomycetes. Well developed branching mycelium, mycelium-free diaphragm, to differentiate into vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae, 65 Sporothrix. Sporothrix then formed conidia. Spores and spore forms of silk, the color varies by species, is the minute one of the main identifying characteristics. There are more than a thousand species have been reported, mainly distributed in the soil. Produced by actinomycetes known antibiotics are produced by the 90%. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences under the aerial mycelium (spore heap) the color, the color of substrate mycelium, soluble pigment, Sporothrix shape, the shape and surface structure of spores and other features, this is divided into 14 species groups Each species group also includes many different species of the genus Streptomyces as various as the identification and search for new antibiotics based on bacteria. The case in the main representative of Streptomyces griseus streptomycin. Micromonospora sp (Micromonospora) mycelium slender, 0.3 to 0.6 microns in diameter, with branches, not broken. Only the formation of vegetative hyphae (substrate mycelium), in-depth within the medium, do not form aerial hyphae. Spores solitary, sessile, or the students in the long or short stalk spores, the spores often stems branched clusters. Colony is small, typically 2 to 3 microns in diameter, usually orange or red, while a dark brown black, blue, covered with a layer of powder-like spores. Generally aerobic saprophytic. Mostly in the soil or lake mud, compost and manure are also many. About 30 kinds. Is a genus of more antibiotic. Some species also accumulated vitamin B12. Important representatives of the spine, such as gentamicin produced spore bacteria and crimson Micromonospora Micromonospora sp. Figure 2, the form of small-sp (show solitary stems spores and spores) Nocardia Figure 3 (shown broken branch hyphae) Nocardia (Ncardia) that the original Actinomyces. In the medium to form the typical branching mycelium, bend, or bend, the majority of non-aerial hyphae. Cultured mycelium 15 hours to 4 have no diaphragm, a sudden growth of short break close to the same rod, ring body, or rod-shaped body with a fork. Each rod has at least one nuclear body, so you can copy and form new multinucleated mycelium. Streptomyces colony colony generally smaller than the surface wrinkled, dry and dense, touch broken. Mostly aerobic type of saprophytic fungi, a few anaerobic parasites. More than 100 species have been reported, mainly in the soil. Can produce many kinds of antibiotics such as rifamycin (rifomycin), etc., and some for oil dewaxing, hydrocarbon fermentation and sewage treatment. Non-specific immunity (nonspecificimmunity), also known as innate immunity, the immune species. Is the body in the long-term phylogenetic and evolutionary process, and continue with the outside world invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and other antigens and the role of foreign contacts, and gradually built up a defense mechanism. Its characteristics are: (1) innate, determined by genetic factors, the relative stability. (2) the role of broad, non-selective, for many pathogenic microorganisms and foreign antigens have some immunity. (3) has the kind of difference. That is, people and animals and their products of certain pathogenic microorganisms can not have a natural sensitivity. Such as: chicken cholera person; chicken on anthrax are not feelings. (4) in anti-infection immunity appeared earlier, the role of fast, and intensity of reaction is relatively stable, not because of exposure to an antigen in the number of how much things have changed. Composition of many ingredients of non-specific immunity, including the body of the barrier structures, phagocytic cell system, the complement system and body fluids of other antimicrobial substances. Non-specific immunity is the basis of specific immunity is the basic condition for the artificial immune. In the anti-infection immunity, the first non-specific immune function; with the formation of specific immunity, the two complement each other and expand immune function. Therefore, the enhanced non-specific immunity, is to improve an important aspect of immunity. Reference: City of Anhui Province in the Science Museum places